How Many Children Did Bob Marley Have? New Ones Just Keep Appearing…

The Marley Family - Some of It.

It seems like every year, a new Marley is releasing an album. Most recently Damien and Ky-Mani released albums, but I might be forgeting another Marley…in fact, I probably am forgetting about some Marley child’s album. So, I got to wondering, just how many children did Bob Marley have?
After doing some digging, I think I have narrowed it down to 13 children. Here they are:

Imani Crole May 22 1963 with Cheryl Murray
Sharon Nov 23rd 1964 Was already his wife Rita’s daughter whom he adopted
Cedella Aug 23rd 1967 with Rita
David (Ziggy) Oct 17 1968 With Rita
Stephen April 20 1972 with Rita
Robert May 16th 1972 with Pat Williams
Rohan May 19 1972 With Janet Hunt ( Rohan is the father of Lauren Hill’s 4 kids)
Carren ??? 1973 with Janet Brown
Stephanie ??? 1974 with Rita
Julian June 4 1975 with Lucy Pounder
Ky-Mani Feb 26 1976 With Anita Belnavis (Anita was a famous table tennis pro )
Damian July 21 1978 with Cindy Breakspeare
Makeda (May 30 1981 With Yvette Crichton

Basically, Bob was a busy guy, 13 kids was alot especially for a guy who passed away at 36. Some might say that this is Bob’s way of spreading his seed, a belief that many believe is fundamental to Rastafari. More on this in future posts. I wonder if any new children will appear next year.

Jamaican Ganja Trivia (True/False)- Happy April 20th

Happy 4/20 people. Today is the Ganja smokers holiday! So if you see a bunch of people in a circle and all of a sudden a cloud of smoke comes out, you know the deal. Well, since it is a holiday based around the use of Ganja, I thought it would be ideal to hit you with a “likkle” quiz as it relates to Ganja (Cannabis aka Marijuana) in Jamaica and Rastafari. Hopefully, you didn’t smoke before taking this quiz or maybe hopefully you did. So, sit back, grab your lighters…and take this quiz!

1) Ganja is legal in Jamaica and everyone walks around smoking spliffs.  (True/False)

2) When Columbus “discovered” Jamaica in 1494, he found the Arawak Indians harvesting large fields of Ganja. (True/False)

3) Rastas were the first people to smoke Ganja as part of their culture. (True/False)

4) All Rastas smoke Ganja and drink alcohol casually. (True/False)

5) Rastas believe that Ganja was the plant found on King Solomon’s grave. (True/False)

6) Bob Marley smoked Ganja. (True/False)

7) Rastas were the first Jamaicans to use/smoke Ganja. (True/False)

Okay, so I hope that wasn’t too difficult. Since nobody cheated, we are going to go through the answers.

1) False – Ganja is illegal in Jamaica.

2) False – Although, nobody is certain about who brough Ganja to Jamaica, the early English settlers in Jamaica and the United States of America were fond of using Ganja for medicinal purposes and to create clothes.

3) False – The Ancient Hindus of Nepal and India were the most famous smokers of Cannabis in the ancient world. In fact, the word Ganja comes from ancient Sanskrit.

4) False -  A devote rasta will smoke ganja, but will never drink alcohol or smoke cigarettes.

5) True – Rastas believe that marijuana was the special herb found on King Solomon’s grave. This is an instrumental part of Ganja in the Rasta believe.

6) True – Bob Marley certainly smoked Ganja.

7) False – Before the rastafari movement in the 1930s, other Jamaicans used Ganja for medicinal purposes, for teas, and for special blends with tobacco. Once the rasta movement gained strength, the usage of ganja went to a “higher level.”

Well, I hope you enjoyed this quiz as much as you enjoyed your holiday…pass this post around. Bless.

Here’s some Collie Buddz to celebrate 4/20!

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Understanding “Riddims” (Rhythms) to Master Jamaican Slang.

surprise-riddim-cover

Reggae music is so vital in one’s journey to speak Jamaican Patois and Jamaican Slang that it might be the number one way to learn the language. Although, all forms of reggae present vital information about Jamaican Culture, Jamaican Slang is usually found in dancehall reggae, also known as ragga. Ragga is basically digitally produced reggae music. Ragga is the most commercially successful Jamaican music since Bob Marley and it also the most popular form of music among all Jamaicans. (By the way, I use dancehall and ragga interchangeably as well as rhythm and riddim interchangeably. Riddim is the patois version

The fact that most rhythms are digitally produced allows producers to create an unlimited amount of rhythms for very little cost has opened the doors to many Jamaican and International producers. Just to give you an idea, since the 1990s, at least 5,000 new rhythms have been produced…annually. Similar to hip-hop beats, ragga rhythms (dancehall riddims) can be created on the fly, but they can also be created using samples. For example, a few years ago there was a popular rhythm called the Mission Impossible Riddim and as the name implies, the rhythm took the sound sample from the theme song to the film, Mission Impossible. What is interesting about rhythms in danchall riddims is the number of artists that make songs over them. This would never be allowed in hip-hop in the same way, it would be deemed ‘bitting’. When 15 or more artists make songs over one riddim, its called a ‘One Rhythm’ album. This is something that is unusually found in dancehall, but places a key role in an industry that often relies more on singles sales as opposed to album sales. It is also on these rhythms where new artists get a chance to shine and talk about everything from politics, Jamaica, family and more often than not, sex!

I would say, that if you listen to some of the more popular riddims, you are very likely to learn a great deal of Jamaican slang. For example, here are the lyrics to Sean Paul’s “Punkie”, a song that was popular before it was released into the mainstream:

Hot sexy punkie, me punkie
Gal me see say that you want me, you want me
And it no matter wa you man a say, man a say
Cause you know say that we haffi link up one day
Hot sexy punkie, me lady
Gal me see say that you want me, me baby
And it no matter wa you man a say, man a say
Cause you know say that we haffi link up one day

Just checking out the lyrics in this verse of the song, you can learn several patois phrases, pronunciation and words. With ragga tracks being the most popular form of Jamaican music in recent times, artists from all socio-economic classes have made songs. Usually, people from the lower end of the socio-economic ladder speak more patois and slang than people from the upper end. Jamaican Slang and Patois are not seen as proper by some members of society, even though this is changing as Jamaicans learn to embrace patois for national identity. So, the deeper into the masses you look, the more authentic the slang becomes in dancehall. If you listen to a Vybz Kartel track, you are certain to hear many new Jamaican Slang words and Vybz is an artist that makes all of his songs over riddims. For example, check out the lyrics to Vybz’ ‘Tek Buddy’:

Tek buddy gal, yuh think me easy?
Who you ramp wid? Yuh wha live easy
Tek me things and yuh tek me money too
So tek buddy too, tek buddy too
Tek buddy gal, yuh think me easy?
Who you ramp wid? Yuh wha live easy
Yuh, tek me things and tek me money too
So tek buddy too, tek buddy too

Vybz Kartel – Tek Buddy

I hope this helps explain a few things about dancehall and where you can learn Jamaican Slang…besides getting the definitive source on Jamaican Slang…the Rastaman Vibration at www.jamaican-slang.com

Here are two bonus songs to help you learn some Jamaican Slang! More Time!:

Busy Signal – Nah Ansa

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Timberlee – Backdoor Delivery (Ole Geezer Riddim)

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Did Bob Marley’s Father Help Make Him the Most Famous Jamaican Artist Ever? : A SpeakJamaican.com Review

Bob Marley Smiling

In the most recent article of The Reggae Source Magazine, Camille Taylor, wrote an article “Is is Looks, the Message or the Music?”. Unfortunately, The Reggae Source does not have a content rich website yet, but it will be coming soon. Anyways, Camille Taylor wrote a great article exploring what made Bob Marley successful – his looks, message or the music. I loved this article because it was something that I have thought about many times and debated with other reggae fanatics. The article raises the question of whether Bob Marley became popular around the world due to his lighter complexion. Although many might not agree, there is a valid argument when you look at Bob’s success compared to that of reggae legends like Peter Tosh or Jacob Miller. Similar to Bob Marley, Jacob Miller died tragically at a young age (27, in a car accident), yet his music is not known around the world like Bob Marley’s. So is appearance really what made Bob Marley a worldwide success?

My conclusion and that of the article, NO! Yes, Bob Marley had more mass appeal than Peter Tosh, but one thing that Bob Marley did exceptionally was convey a message that everyone could relate to. So, no Bob Marley’s white father did not make him a better reggae artist or Jamaican Artist. Yes, his appearance might have helped him meet all of the women who bore his children, but not be a better artist. As the article discusses, Bob Marley focused a considerable amount of his music on the injustices happening in his native Jamaica and other countries he knew about. This connected with alot of people and continues to connect to people. I remember being in Salvador, Bahia-Brazil listening to people who could not speak any English sing Bob Marley songs word for word with as much passion and energy as the next guy. That is a special message attached to special music.

Go to your local reggae/rasta shop and pick up a copy of the latest issue of The Reggae Source to read the fantastic article. Soon Come

Why Jamaica Should Make Bob Marley A National Hero (This is Classic!!!)

I was just on the phone with mi bredren talking about some upcoming projects related to SpeakJamaican.com and the election of Obama when mi bredren talked to me about this article/blog entry. This is great and is perfect timing for thinking about Obama and the fall of Babylon (an upcoming post!!) I wish I could take credit for material like this, but I cannot. Check it out:

It’s been almost 27 years since the death of Bob Marley, yet despite international appeals and a host of post-humous awards, Jamaica still fails to accord him National Hero status.  Even when Bob was a young musician from Trenchtown, his music wasn’t even recognized by his own people in Jamaica until his debut album “Catch A Fire” became an international hit, thanks to Chris Blackwell, who I had the pleasure of meeting last month in Jamaica, and the fact that Rastas were regarded as outcasts in the 60s and 70s.

I’m just getting warmed up!

Marley deserves to be among the fraternity of Jamaica’s honored heroes.  He has done more for Jamaica through his music than most politicians have done to temper violence and businessmen to promote tourism to their war ravaged country.  Even Bob’s song “One Love” was adopted as a theme song for the Jamaican Tourist Board.  It was even voted Anthem of the Millennium by the British Broadcasting Company (BBC). 

Marley’s laundry list of recognitions is even more reason to dub him, not just a National Hero, but an “International Hero.”  At home, his birthday, February 6th, is observed as a national holiday in Jamaica, he has the Order of Merit (OM), which is Jamaica’s third highest honour, was awarded the Medal of Peace from the United Nations and voted Artiste of the Century by Billboard magazine. He was honored with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

His album Exodus was chosen Album of the Century by TIME magazine and his Legend album received the Diamond Award.  He is also a recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award by National Academy of Recording Artistes.  Last but not least, Bob has a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.  As Robert Palmer wrote in a tribute to Marley upon his induction, “No one in rock and roll has left a musical legacy that matters more or one that matters in such fundamental ways.”   

From Bob’s perspective, reggae gave a voice to the poor and disfranchised citizens of Jamaica and, by extension, the world. In so doing, he also instilled them with pride and dignity in their heritage, however sorrowful the realities of their daily existence. Moreover, Marley’s reggae anthems provided rhythmic uplift that induced what Marley called “positive vibrations” in all who heard it. Regardless of how you heard it – political music suitable for dancing, or dance music with a potent political subtext – Marley’s music was a powerful potion for troubled times.

To many, Marley was a true musical ambassador and a messenger of peace.  Though he never aligned himself with any political party, he found an urgent calling to bring together a divided nation riped apart by political violence and hostility.  At the Smile Jamaica Concert held on December 5, 1976 at the National Heroes Park, Kingston, Jamaica, Bob Marley & The Wailers performed for 80,000 people and in an unprecedented move, waranted on stage Michael Manley and Edward Siaga where he put their hands together in unity.  Coincidently, this concert was held at the National Heroes Park, so why not add Bob Marley to the roster of National Heroes?

Is it because Bob Marley was a Rasta man who smoked and promoted the use of Marijuana as a religious sacrament?  Fact: Jesus Christ and his apostles used a cannabis-based anointing oil to help cure people with crippling diseases. Exodus 30:23,25

Is it because he wasn’t thrown in prison for civil disobedience or ignite a rebellion?  Fact: Bob Marley was a champion of human rights and spread the message of Rasta fari to the world. The religion is embraced by millions of people from Japan to Johannesburg.

Is it because he was a notorios womanizer?  Fact: So was John F. Kennedy, Bill Clinton and Martin Luther King.  According to a TIME magazines cover story, “womanizing was the source of such agonizing moral conflict that MLK was compelled to confess his most enduring extramarital affair to his wife at “her most vulnerable moment — days after she recovered from a hysterectomy.”

Is it because he didn’t hold political office?  Fact: Neither did Marcus Garvey or Martin Luther King, Jr.

Is it because the national heroes committee is out of touch?  Fact: Yes!

The fact remains for most casual listeners, reggae music can be reduced to one artist Bob Marley.  For most tourists and travelers, Jamaica is synonymous with Bob Marley.  Bob’s music is a like a flag or a text book to those who have never been to Jamaica or read about the country in global studies.

Most importantly, Bob Marley is largely responsible for the worldwide popularity of reggae music and with it subjects, including faith, love, relationships, poverty injustice and other broad social issues that we can all relate to and experienced first hand, or through the eyes of others.  Bob Marley has paved the way for many new and celebrated artists to compete on the international stage of music.  Because of Bob, reggae music is a respected category at the annual Grammy Music Awards in America.

Bob’s music bridges the cross-cultural divide, soothes the heart and mind from mental slavery, can be heard by people of every gender, race, religion, color, ethnic background and political affiliation.

Without the legendary Bob Marley, there wouldn’t be a Reggae Academy Awards Ceremony set to take place on February 24th that recognizes the musical talents and achievements of celebrity reggae artists from Jamaica and around the world, or the Smile Jamaica concert that is guaranteed to pump sun bathers, tourists and the almighty dollar or strong Euro into Jamaica’s inflated economy.

Award Bob Marley the Order of National Hero and continue to make Jamaica proud.

Why Jamaica Should Make Bob Marley A National Hero by Falana Fray

What is This Reggae? Who Came Up with that Silly Word?

Do you ever wonder where certain words come from? Well in Jamaican Slang and Jamaican Patois, I am always asking that question. I mean there are so many words that have a little or unknown origin. Some words of the words that come to mind are pickney or nyam. In fact, someone asked me the origin of the word “bumboclat“…yikes, you can send me an e-mail if you want to know what a bumboclat is as opposed to what it means.

 

I was always interested in knowing where the word reggae came from. After doing some research, I found a variety of answers on the origin of this word we live by and love. The article is more focused on history as opposed to Jamaican Slang, so check it out…yuh dun noh.

 

The origin of the word reggae was the 1968 Pyramid single by Toots and the Maytals “Do the Reggay” (sic). Other possibilities as to the origin of the word include Regga, the name of a Bantu speaking tribe on Lake Tanganyika and a corruption of “streggae,” which is Kingston street slang for prostitute. According to Bob Marley, the word is Spanish in origin, meaning “the king’s music” but according to veteran session musicians the word is a description of the beat itself. Hux Brown of the Skatalites and lead guitarist on Paul Simon’s 1972 hit “Mother and Child Reunion” says that it is “just a fun, joke kinda word that means ragged rhythm and the body feeling.”

 

There you have it, a wide view on the origin of reggae. This is good to know , but really all you need to do is keep listening to reggae. Irie.

Reggae, Bob Marley and Ghosts…The Jamaican Trinity

Wha gwaan Duppy Conquerors? It’s really an exciting time for Reggae, Jamaican Patois and Jamaican Slang. So much is behind the movement to see Jamaican Patois recognized as an official language and the work laid down by Bob Marley more than 20 years ago is still hitting people. In the song, Duppy Conqueror, Bob Marley introduced to the world, one of Jamaican Patois’ unique words  – Duppy.

Duppy (dup-pee): a ghost/spirit.

Duppies are usually seen as malevolent spirits or ghosts. The word has its origins in West Africa and has been the subject of songs by Bob Marley and Lee Scratch Perry. And itis with this information that we complete the trinity…the reggae part.

Here is a great blog post about Dub music, the ghost sound of reggae, and Rastafarians. This is a fascinating article and has a wealth of information for students of Jamaican Patois, Jamaican Slang and Reggae.

  “Dub arose from doubling—the common Jamaican practice of reconfiguring or “versioning” a prerecorded track into any number of new songs. Dub calls the apparent “authenticity” of roots reggae into question because dub destroys the holistic integrity of singer and song. It proclaims a primary postmodern law: there is no original, no first ground, no homeland. By mutating its repetitions of previously used material, dub adds something new and distinctly uncanny, vaporizing into a kind of doppelgänger music. Despite the crisp attack of its drums and the heaviness of its bass, it swoops through empty space, spectral and disembodied. Like ganja, dub opens the “inner door.” John Corbett even links the etymology of the word “dub” with duppie (Jamaican patois for ghost). Burning Spear entitled the dub version of his great Marcus Garvey album Garvey’s Ghost, and Joe Gibbs responded to Lee Perry’s production of Bob Marley’s “Duppie Conqueror” with the cut “Ghost Capturer.” Perry described dub as “the ghost in me coming out.” Dub music not only drums up the ghost in the machine, but gives the ghost room to dance.” (sourced here).

It should be noted though that Rastafarianism – unlike many Afro-Caribbean religions such as Vodou – is not a possession cult. As far as I am aware, there are no rituals in Rastafarianism in which, during trance, the subject is thought to have acquired a different personality: that of a god, a deity, genius or ancestor who takes possession of the subject, substitutes itself for him, and acts in that subject’s place. Furthermore, alcohol, which has an important role in many Afro-Caribbean possession rituals, is tabooed under Rastafarian food laws (I-Tal).

“[Rasta] has little in common with Haitian voodoo, Cuban santeria or the other Africanised remixes of Catholicism. Instead of a panoply of spirits, Rasta has just the one God, the stern patriarch of the Old Testament – not someone with whom you can cut deals, as you can with voodoo’s loa. If anything, Rasta is Afro-Protestant, sharing with mainland America’s fundamentalists an emphasis on close reading of the scriptures and a millenarian belief in an End of Time whereupon the righteous get transported to the promised land.” (“Tangets #2. Back To The Roots”, by Simon Reynolds, Wire, September 2000).

Nevertheless, in Rastafarianism communion or ‘communial trances’ do play a role. “Rasta mystical experience emphasizes the possibility of the immediate presence of Jah within the “dread,” or “God-fearer.” God’s presence brought on an understanding of the fundamental unity of all humanity, expressed in the pronoun “I&I” (which can mean I, we, or even you, with Jah present). Discerning the will of God is an almost Talmudic process, achieved through night-long “reasoning” sessions, part theological debate, part prayer meeting and meditation, which lead to an “overstanding” (rather than understanding) of the truth through union with Jah.” (sourced here).

“In fact, one of the most common Rastafarian rituals involves reading a chapter of the bible everyday. The version most commonly read is that of King James. The Rastafarians claim, however, that King James distorted the true content of the bible party because of his inability to translate the Amharic Ethiopian text accurately, and also as a deliberate ploy to perpetuate the suppression and oppression of the black race. So, although the bible is read and venerated, the Rastafarians only choose to read those passages which they ‘intuitively’ feel are correct.” (sourced here).

Many tenets of Rastafarianism, such as the I-Tal diet and the wearing of dreadlocks, are the result of an at once inspired and paranoid reading of the Scriptures, the result of a Ganja-entranced communion with Jah.

“Reggae fans, black and white, (…) looked to the music for “a solid foundation” (as the Congos sang it), for certainty and truth, militancy and motivation. ‘Roots rock rebel’ neatly condenses how Jamaican music was seen both by rock and by reggae itself. Reggae was anti-imperialist: Rasta’s Pan-Africanism connected with the period’s post-colonial struggles (…). Reggae was anti-capitalist (…). And reggae was anti-fascist, (…) bringing radical chic to countless student digs with its poster iconography: Peter Tosh, a Che Guevara with natty dreads and black beret; Medusa-headed spiritual warriors Black Uhuru, Burning Spear, and Culture; Steel Pulse preaching about “Handsworth Revolution”.” (from: “Tangents #2: Back to the roots”, Simon Reynolds, Wire, September 2000 issue)

To read the full post click here. To read more about Reggae, Dub, Bob Marley and Jamaican Patois, check out the Rastaman Vibration at SPEAKJAMAICAN.COM

Rastas and Yardies Pay Attention – Michael Reid’s List of the Greatest Reggae Artists Ever

bobmarley.jpg

I love reggae music and who doesn’t. Images of peace, beaches, tropical weather, culture, good food and social awareness…everyone can connect with reggae music. Of course, there are thousands of reggae artists around the world, but some just stand out such as Bob Marley, Buju Banton, Sizzla and Peter Tosh. Now, most of these are among my favorites, but others like Michael Reid may have a different opinions and that is fine. Although opinions differ, there are some artists that just MUST be on this list! Let’s look at Michael’s list and see who is a definite and who could be replaced.

While many may not agree with my selection, these reggae artists have certainly contributed to the reggae fraternity in a major way and should get the respect they deserve. The music that these artists produced will never die, as the impact made are so great that we are still touched by their lyrics and sounds.

1. BOB MARLEY

Bob Marley was born Robert Nesta Marley on Feb. 6, 1945 in Saint Ann, Jamaica. His father, Norval Sinclair Marley, was a white Englishman and his mother, Cedelia Booker, was a black Jamaican. Bob Marley died of cancer in Miami, FL on May 11, 1981. Marley had 12 children, four by his wife Rita, and was a devout Rastafarian. Bob Marley’s father died when he was 10 years old, and his mother moved with him to Kingston’s Trenchtown neighborhood after his death. As a young teen, he befriended Bunny Wailer, and they learned to play music together. At 14, Marley dropped out of school to learn the welding trade, and spent his spare time jamming with Bunny Wailer and ska musician Joe Higgs.

2. PETER TOSH

Peter Tosh, born Winston Hubert McIntosh (October 9, 1944 – September 11, 1987) was the guitarist in the original Wailing Wailers, a reggae musician, and a trailblazer for the Rastafari movement. Tosh grew up in the Kingston, Jamaica slum of Trench town. He stood out because of his height at 6 feet, 4 inches. His short-fuse temper and unveiled sarcasm usually kept him in trouble, earning him the nickname Stepping Razor after a song written by Joe Higgs, an early mentor. He began to sing and learn guitar at a young age, inspired by the American stations he could pick up on his radio. After an illustrious career with the Wailers and as a solo musician, he was murdered at his home. Though robbery was officially said to be the motivation behind Tosh’s death, many believe that there were ulterior motives to the killing, citing that nothing was taken from the house.

3. DENNIS BROWN

Dennis Brown was born Feb 01, 1957 in Kingston, Jamaica. One of Jamaica’s most beloved and prolific artists, the late Dennis Brown has left behind a slew of classic songs and myriad hits, a rich musical legacy born of a career that spanned over 30 years. Born Dennis Emmanuel Brown in Kingston, Jamaica, in 1957, his childhood home virtually destined him to a future in the music industry. He grew up on Orange Street, the heart of the island’s music scene, with most of the major recording studios a mere stone’s throw away. As the stars and future hitmakers paraded by day and music pumped out of the studios, the child could not help but be entranced.

4. JIMMY CLIFF

Jimmy Cliff OM (born James Chambers, 1 April 1948, Somerton District in St. James, Jamaica) is a Jamaican SKA and reggae musician, best known among mainstream audiences for songs like “Sittin’ in Limbo”, “You Can Get It If You Really Want It”, “Many Rivers to Cross” from The Harder They Come, a film soundtrack which helped popularize reggae across the world, and for a cover of “I Can See Clearly Now” from the film “Cool Runnings.”

5. Sizzla

Sizzla was born Miguel Collins on April 17, 1976, and was raised in the August Town area of Kingston by devout Rastafarian parents. After honing his vocal skills, he landed a gig with the Caveman Hi-Fi sound system, where he first made a name for himself as a performer. He cut his first single for the small Zagalou label in 1995, and soon moved on to Bobby “Digital” Dixon’s Digital B imprint. However, he didn’t manage a breakout success until saxophonist Dean Fraser recommended him to producer Philip “Fatis” Burrell. Sizzla released a series of singles on Burrell’s Xterminator label, including “Judgement Morning,” “Life’s Road,” “Blaspheme,” “We Uh Fear,” “I’m Not Sure,” and the Shadowman duet “The Gun.” His first LP, Burning Up, appeared on Xterminator later in 1995, and he toured extensively alongside Luciano and Mikey General. Unlike kindred spirits Capleton and Buju Banton, Sizzla’s early material was culturally oriented right from the start; he was able to build an audience without any of the lyrical slackness that helped establish the other two.

6. MARCIA GRIFFITHS

Jamaica’s longest-running and perhaps biggest female vocalist ever. Griffiths began as a teenager in Coxsone’s Studio One, racking up hit after hit, then joined with paramour Bob Andy as Bob & Marcia for the Top Five U.K. pop hit “Young, Gifted and Black.” She formed The I Threes to back Bob Marley’s international tours and recordings from 1974-1980 and scored a massive international hit with “Electric Boogie” in the ’80s. Despite a few ’70s Rasta tunes like “Stepping out of Babylon,” she is known primarily for her strong, smooth-as-mousse love songs and captivating live performances.

7. YELLOWMAN

Yellowman is the stage name of Winston Foster, one of the biggest Jamaican reggae stars of the 1980s. Foster, an albino, grew up in Kingston institutions and overcame a rough childhood to become a swaggering DJ with a penchant for witty and sexually explicit lyrics and a stage show that made him a local star. He began recording in the early ’80s and for the next several years released records at a furious pace, outselling every other reggae star except Bob Marley. In 1986 Yellowman was diagnosed with throat cancer and given a dire prognosis, but he bounced back and resumed his career in the ’90s. His songs include “Mad Over Me,” “Mister Chin” and “Blueberry Hill.”

8. U-ROY

Known as the Originator, U-Roy wasn’t the first DJ, nor even the first to cut a record, but he was the first to shake the nation and he originated a style so distinctly unique that he single-handedly changed his homeland’s music scene forever. Born Ewart Beckford in Jones Town, Jamaica, in 1942, he received his famous moniker from a young family member unable to correctly pronounce Ewart and the nickname stuck.

9. MUTABARUKA

His poems have given voice to a nation and helped forge an entirely new genre of music, dub/rhythm poetry. Revolutionary, fiery, scathing, and stinging, Mutabaruka’s words are as potent on paper as on CD, and so the literary community needed to create a new term just for his works — meta-dub. Born in Rae Town, Jamaica, on December 12, 1952, Allan Hope first realized the power of the word when he was in his teens. It was the ’60s; the Black Power movement was at its height, and numerous radical leaders were putting their thoughts and histories in print.

10. GARNETT SILK

Born Garnet Damion Smith in Greenvale, Hatfield in the parish of Manchester, Jamaica, he was known for his emotive, powerful and silky voice. During the 1980s he was widely hailed as a rising talent, but his career was ended by his early death in 1994 while attempting to save his mother while his house was on fire, while others suspect that it was a conspiracy which involved his two younger brothers, Lij Amlak(Paul Cassanova) & Omar Silk(Omar Scott) which were upcoming artists at the time. He and his mother were found in each other’s arms when their bodies were discovered. His debut album was “It’s Growing” and his first major hit was “Hello Africa”.

Okay, so after looking at the list I certainly agree that all of the artists here are classic artists, but my list would be a “likkle” different. This is not something that I can rush, but I will say that some people on this list are definitely on my list and others are definitely not on my list. Bob Marley, Sizzla and Yellowman are definitely on my list. As for those not on the list…stay tuned.

More time!

To learn more about Reggae, Rasta and Jamaican Language check out The Rastaman Vibration – The Definitive Source on Jamaican Culture, Jamaican Language (Patois), and Rasta!